野鸭椿育苗与园林应用研究

野鸭椿花色淡雅、果色红艳、观果期长,是良好的观花、观果植物,生产上可通过播种繁殖、扦插繁殖,经过4~5年可培育成大苗用于庭院造景。野鸭椿在园林中可单纯成林,也可丛植成景、孤植成主景,还可修剪成盆景,应用前景十分广阔。     

无公害花鲈淡水健康养殖技术

本文主要介绍了无公害花鲈淡水养殖的环境要求、苗种选择与培育、成鱼池塘养殖及病虫害防治技术等。     

Allergenic pollen of ornamental plane trees in a Mediterranean environment and urban planning as a prevention tool

Green spaces and urban green infrastructure are new concepts in urban planning, and lately, the influence of green spaces in cities and how this presence affects local climate change have been taken into account. Moreover, some of the ornamental trees most used in cities provoke allergic symptoms in sensitized people. Due to the importance the plane trees in our parks and cities have as ornamental trees, this article assesses the urban Platanus airborne pollen concentration in the air of five cities of the SW Iberian Peninsula and tries to determine the differential factors that its distribution has by means of combining continuous monitoring of the air using volumetric spore traps and the geolocation of plane trees. They were counted separately according to the direction (Q1 NE, Q2 SE, Q3 SW, Q4 NW) around the spore trap location in circles of 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 1000, 1500, 2000 and 2500 m in diameter. Pollen sums were distributed according to the predominant wind direction for each day. The highest concentrations for Platanus pollen were recorded in Don Benito. Differences amongst pollen stations were found and were mainly related to their degree of maturity and their proximity to spore traps, and finally, with the number of plane trees. Furthermore, other factors, as the pruning, which is different in each city and even in a more local way, affects pollination and is frequently unknown to aerobiological studies. The geolocation of ornamental trees can be a useful tool for providing summarized information about their behavioral differences amongst cities, which can be used to create healthy itineraries, minimizing the natural hazards in human health (allergic diseases) and could be implemented into a model to help policy-makers to create measures to improve green urban development.     

设施栽培下香石竹不同植株状态根际土壤微生物类群变化分析

研究了云南香石竹不同生产基地的健康植株、始发病植株及枯死病植株的根际土壤微生物类群及其比值关系。结果表明:香石竹从健康向发病至枯死的变化过程,根际土壤细菌随着植株病害的加重而降低,而真菌、放线菌的变化则随着植株病害的加重而增加;根际土壤细菌与真菌比值(B/F)、细菌与放线菌比值(B/A)及好氧性细菌与厌氧性细菌的比值(Ae/An),可以作为评价香石竹栽培土壤健康状况及病害防治预报的参考指标。若B/F及B/A比值小于健康土壤数值,或Ae/An比值大于健康土壤数值,则预警该区域香石竹种植土壤存在发病的危险性。     

连云港饮用水水质与市区人群健康的关系及改善措施

近几年水污染非常严重，引发了人类很多疾病。本文对连云港市水环境进行分析，并分析了连云港市人群健康的情况，发现在水体高污染的情况下，相应的疾病，特别是癌症等慢性病的发病率普遍升高。为降低水污染对人群的影响，提出了降低水污染的措施。     

健康生活视角下南京科巷片区街巷空间微更新探索

南京科巷片区曾经是一种合理、宜居的城市公共空间形态,然而随着外部社会环境条件的变化尤其是2020年新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情的冲击,使得科巷产生许多问题与矛盾,并在特殊时期产生了健康管理风险。选取南京科巷片区6条街巷空间为研究对象,从街巷空间体系、文化体系以及使用人群3个角度进行调研分析,梳理现状存在的问题,从健康生活的视角提出科巷改造的城市微更新设计策略:1)街巷空间的集约化利用;2)街道家具延续街巷文化;3)构建智慧生态化健康生活体系。     

撑×绿杂交竹叶部细菌多样性1）

通过固定标准地分季节采样,采用稀释平板分离,借助分子生物学方法研究了撑×绿杂交竹叶片附生细菌和内生细菌数量及种类的季节性动态变化、群落组成及叶部细菌和微环境的关系。在此基础上,将以上4个指标从病叶和健康叶上着重进行了对比分析,发现杂交竹病叶附生和内生细菌数量的年平均值都大于健康叶;夏、秋两季细菌的类群最多,其中以Bacillus cereus和Lysinibacillus fusiformi s的分离频率较高;无论是健康叶还是病叶,其附生和内生细菌的物种丰富度随季节变化较大,而且季节变化对内生细菌物种的丰富度影响显著;叶片生理指标表明健康叶附生细菌的数量随pH值的升高而增加,健康叶内生细菌和病叶附生细菌的数量与蛋白质质量分数相关性显著。     

Resistance mechanisms and farm-level distribution of fecal Escherichia coli isolates resistant to extended-spectrum cephalosporins in pigs in Spain

Introduction

Fecal Escherichia coli isolates showing a phenotype of reduced susceptibility or resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins are common among pigs in Spain. The aim of this study was to describe the main beta-lactam resistance mechanisms carried by these strains and their distribution at farm-level.

Materials and methods

Twenty-nine E. coli isolates showing reduced susceptibility or resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins were collected from a sampling frame of 80 pig farms distributed over 13 Spanish provinces. The survey was carried out at the slaughterhouse level in 2004.

Results

Of the 29 isolates, 21 (72%) met the criteria for a positive phenotypic confirmatory test for extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL). The following ESBLs were detected: SHV-12 (12 isolates, 41%), CTX-M-1 (three isolates, 10%), CTX-M-9 (three isolates, 10%), and CTX-M-14 (three isolates, 10%). The remaining eight isolates (28%) were phenotypically non-ESBL, with seven of them (24%) showing mutations on the chromosomal ampC gene promoter at positions −42 (C → T), −18 (G → A), −1 (C → T), and +58 (C → T). A multiplex PCR for detection of plasmidic class C beta-lactamases was negative for all isolates.

Conclusion

Different ESBLs and other mechanisms linked to extended-spectrum cephalosporin resistance are widely distributed among fecal E. coli from slaughter pigs in Spain.     

Ultrasonography of the spleen in 50 healthy cows

This paper describes the ultrasonographic appearance, location and size of the spleen in 50 healthy commercial milk cows destined for slaughter. The intercostal spaces of the left thoracic wall were scanned with a 3.5 MHz linear transducer. In each intercostal space, the appearance of the splenic parenchyma, the dorsal and ventral margins and the distance between them, and the diameter of the splenic vessels were recorded. The spleen was seen in intercostal spaces 7-12. It was 2.0-5.0 cm thick, and tapered ventrally. The splenic capsule appeared as an echogenic line. The splenic parenchyma consisted of numerous small regularly spaced echoes, and vessels within the parenchyma appeared as anechoic round to oval or elongated images. The long axis was oblique, running caudodorsal to cranioventral. The distance from the dorsal margin of the spleen to the midline of the back was greatest in the 7th intercostal space (60.9+/-6.81) and smallest in the 12th intercostal space (12.7+/-2.85 cm). The extent of the spleen was greatest in the 8th intercostal space (24.9+/-10.77 cm) and smallest in the 12th intercostal space (9.5+/-5.38 cm). The mean diameter of the splenic vessels ranged from 0.66+/-0.28 to 0.90+/-0.65 cm, depending on the intercostal space scanned. Ultrasonography of the spleen in healthy cows provides information that can be used as a reference when examining cattle with suspected splenic disease.     

Prevalence of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VREF) in pig faeces from slaughterhouses in Spain

A study to estimate the prevalence of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium in faecal samples from pigs at slaughterhouses in Spain was carried out between November 1998 and January 1999 with 900 samples taken from four abattoirs representing 9.7% of all pig slaughtered in 1998. Using a selective enrichment broth with vancomycin (8 μg/ml), 64 samples (7.1%; 95% CI: 5.5, 9.0%) had E. faecium vancomycin-resistant strains that showed minimal inhibitory concentrations of 256 μg/ml (62 strains) and 512 μg/ml (two strains). Results by farm showed that 43 of the 240 pig farms represented in the sampling had at least one faecal sample with vancomycin-resistant E. faecium.